EVIDENCIA CIENTIFICA QUE RESPALDA UNA TERAPIA NUTRICIONAL NEUTRA AL PESO

Por: María Soledad de la Torre E.

MSc. Nutricionista

 

¿Qué es una terapia nutricional neutra al peso?

Es  una terapia que toma en cuenta todos los aspectos del paciente ( físico, nutricional, social, gustos, preferencias, actividades, su relación con la comida y su cuerpo, su historia médica , exámenes de laboratorio, etc.) y se enfoca en lograr cambios en hábitos que le llevan a tener una buena salud física, emocional y social. No nos enfocamos en pérdida de peso como objetivo de tratamiento. Esto se debe a que promover pérdida de peso como parte de un tratamiento médico o nutricional no es ético ya que el 95 a 97% de las veces las dietas fallan y se recupera la mayoría del peso perdido en 2 años o antes y todo el peso o mas a los 5 años. El Gobierno de Australia en sus Guías de Practica clínica indica que "las intervenciones de cambio en estilo de vida para mantener el peso perdido a largo plazo no son efectivas" y esto es evidencia grado "A", es decir la máxima evidencia científica posible que se puede obtener, así como que fumar causa cáncer es evidencia grado "A".

Te dejo unas pocas  referencias científicas que respaldan un enfoque neutro al peso en la terapia médica y nutricional. Cuando un profesional de la salud te diga que la única forma de tratar tu enfermedad es bajando de peso, explícale  que es imposible mantener el peso perdido y que bajar y subir de peso es muy nocivo para la salud ( causa diabetes, hipertensión, hiperlipidemia, enlentece el metabolismo, lleva a una baja auto estima y mas efectos emocionales negativos). Le puedes pedir que te de el mismo tratamiento y te haga los mismos exámenes que a una persona que no es gorda ( este adjetivo no debería tener una connotación negativa, es un adjetivo como cualquier otro, por ejemplo, alto, bajo, rubio, pecoso, pelo rojo, etc.) en lugar de recetarte pérdida de peso como tratamiento. Todas las enfermedades se pueden tratar sin enfocarse en pérdida de peso, aunque siempre hayas oido lo contrario. Puedes pasar estas referencias a este profesional de la salud, así tal ves se interese en descubrir que prescribir pérdida de peso nunca debería ser un tratamiento seguro ni efectivo. 

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